Fracking And Its Early Technological Advancements

Contents Introduction 1 What is Hydraulic Fracking? 2 The Roberts Torpedo, 1864 3 Kelpper Well No. 1, 1947 5 Hydrafrac, 1949 6 The Growth of Hydrafrac, 1949 - 1954 8 Introduction Hydraulic fracking (‘Fracking’) dominates the US oil and gas industry. Although it is currently a politically dividing topic due to environmental concerns (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2010), the concept behind fracking has been around for over 150 years (Roberts, 1866), and has been in use in its current state for over 60 years (Clark, 1949). This report will cover the early history of fracking, and its early technological advancements. What is Hydraulic Fracking? Fracking is a well-stimulation technique used most commonly in oil and gas production. Hydraulic fracking is usually performed on shale reserves, but conventional wells are also able to be fracked. Fracking is an extremely important technique; not only increasing production rates of wells but also adding approximately 20 trillion m3 of natural gas and 9 billion bbl of oil to the US reserves (Montgomery Smith, 2010). Fracking follows this basic process: 1. Fracking fluid is pumped into the well under high pressure (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2010). 2. This flows into the (perforated) reservoir rock, and creates hairline fractures (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2010). 3. Minute particles such as sand, called ‘proppant’ are suspended in the fluidShow MoreRelatedThe Economy Is Making Progress Because Of The Mass Production Of Technology1363 Words   |  6 PagesThe divergent regional forces are reshaping the global economy for good and bad. This is because an overwhelming impact on international relationships, and the role of the United Nations mediating among conflicting nations. The modernization and advancement of India and China has resulted in a shift of economic power that may impact the future of world commerce, possibly forming economic superpowers in decades to come. Having good communication is imperative in global business. Communication barriersRead MoreFracking: Is It Worth It?1551 Words   |  6 PagesFracking: Is it Worth it? â€Å"Fracking is the process of obtaining Natural Gas from below Earth’s surface by drilling 1000’s of feet into the earth before a high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release the gas inside.† Water, sand and chemicals are injected into the rock at high pressure which allows the gas to flow out to the head of the well.† (Jackson). Hydraulic Fracturing got its name due to the fact of how the rock is fractured apart by the high pressure mixture of a numberRead MoreThe Nature Of Science, Agriculture Practices, Fracking And Irrigation Practices2197 Words   |  9 Pagesdesire for scientific process, and are driven to make the world a better place; though in reality, the outcomes of our environment and our selves say otherwise. Our ways of science, agriculture practices, fracking and irrigation practices, ways of mining, inventions of plastics, and even our advancement in technology is leading us to the consequences of not only hurting ou r species, but our environment as a whole. People believe that mankind will learn to utilize Earth’s resources intelligently, butRead MoreThe Oil Major Of Mexico3323 Words   |  14 PagesHouston is one of the most active energy exporters in the United States and home to over 300 petroleum refineries, and over 200 private oil companies. Technological innovation has led to major developments in the upstream energy exploration and production and, as a result, has evolved into rapid business growth locally. Although this has seemingly boosted market capital and broadened energy output in domestic markets that didn’t exist a century ago, nationalized foreign oil dependency still representsRead MoreCapital Ownership Via Capitalism Is The Best Socio Economic System2282 Words   |  10 Pagescorporation is to increase profit for shareholders. The only ways to achieve this are by increasing sales or by cutting costs. If the CEO of an oil extraction company is faced with a d ilemma between allocating funds to process runoff waste chemicals from fracking, or to bury them because the cost of a fine is a more economical cost to incur, he or she will choose the latter. This will boost profit for shareholders as well as ensuring that he or she receives a bonus for excellent performance. Meanwhile, theRead MoreExxon Mobile Capstone40455 Words   |  162 Pagesspotlight that was thrown on ExxonMobil regarding its dubious reserve replacement ratio. This raises more questions needing to be address: How will ExxonMobil be able to successfully execute on its mission to produce more oil?; What type of new technological innovations and infrastructure and process improvements are required to succeed?; What geopolitical, regulatory and environmental challenges must ExxonMobil overcome to profitably execute its commitment?    2    Key  Analysis   Global energy demand

The Relationship between Faith and Reason - 1369 Words

Ashley Reynolds STUDENT TH101: THEOLOGY MAJOR ESSAY FaithReason â€Å"Faith and Reason are like two wings on which the human spirit rises to the contemplation of truth† Explain the dangers for a theologian when faith and reason are divorced from each other. Use at least one example of a Christian teaching that shows the harmony of faith and reason The harmony of faith and reason are the grounds upon which many Christian teachings are built. This relationship enhances elements of both constructs, however the danger of separating reason from faith is that reason will endeavour to prove literally and most logically which would cause the ultimate goal and question to be lost in deliberation and, on the other hand, separating faith†¦show more content†¦Over time, reason will explain most aspects of the show, but would only hold 4 5 Fides et Ratio, John Paul II 94 Hebrews 11:3 evidence enough to understand the earliest moments of the show. To reach full truth, faith needs to be introduced to actually believe in the initial source of light. Furthermore to the prospect, faith and reason question what happens if the light sources goes out; for the play will not â€Å"die† as death is merely an understood element of the play.Show MoreRelated Trinity of Beliefs Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pages We study different religious faiths in order to understand other people. Many people have strong religious convictions, and it would be impossible to understand them without first understanding their faith. Which is why when studying the early Western World the religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, which are all closely related, are examined. All three of these religions are Western, they are monotheistic, and together they form the Abramic religions. Judaism is the oldest, dating from aroundRead MoreThe Relationship Between Philosophy And Theology1444 Wor ds   |  6 Pagesof society, specifically those who think that faith and reason can never coincide. Other people, though, see the two subjects of study as collaborative instead. Similar to how as intellectuals of our Church today support this relationship, the intellectuals Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure also reinforced it in the thirteenth century. However, both Aquinas and Bonaventure have their own (sometimes differing) opinions on what the true relationship between philosophy and theology is. I believe that Aquinas’sRead MoreThe Relationship Between Philosophy And Theology1433 Words   |  6 Pagessociety, those who think that faith and reason are opposites and can never coincide. Others, though, see the two subjects of study as collaborative instead. And just as intellectuals of our Church today support the relationship which is otherwise seen as faith and reason, so too did the intellectuals Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure reinforce it in the thirteenth century. Howev er, both Aquinas and Bonaventure have their own different opinions on what the true relationship between philosophy and theologyRead MoreEssay on Kierkegaards View on Faith1045 Words   |  5 PagesKierkegaards View on Faith Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher in the mid 1800s. He is known to be the father of existentialism and was at least 70 years ahead of his time. Kierkegaard set out to attack Kant’s rational ethics and make attacks on the Christianity of our day. He poses the question, how do we understand faith? He states that faith equals the absurd. In â€Å"Fear and Trembling†, he uses the story of Abraham and his son Isaac to show an example of faith as the absurd. The story ofRead MoreJustification And Justification For The Act Of Being Set Right Or Made Right1647 Words   |  7 Pagesact of removing debt, being vindicated by judge, or having a relationship restored all fall under the meaning of justification. This is essentially God s act of removing the sin within us humans while considering us to be righteous through Christ s sacrifice. As stated in â€Å"Christ Our Salvation†, â€Å"Those who are righteous will live by faith† (Larondelle, 10). This means that justification must exist in order to have people who live by faith and for these people to be saved and redeemed. JustificationRead MoreRelationship Between Age And Confidence1479 Words   |  6 PagesFurthermore, the relationship between age and confidence in God’s existence is positive. This is supported by the Pearson’s R value of .107, which is above 0 making it positive, found in Table 2. However, because a value of 1 represents a perfectly positive linear line, the low R value suggests that our line is nearly horizontal and will have a small slope. In order to find how confident we are this relationship exists we can run a t-test for R, which is included at the bottom of Table 1. The testRead MoreThe True Meaning Of Faith1725 Words   |  7 Pagesmake us believe in Faith. One might say that we live because we believe in something, no matter how the other feels about it or the way they express those feelings, and also believe in someone due to our connection to them in a distinctive way, a form of believing in faith. To clarify the real meaning of faith would mean to describe the connection between one individual to another, because to understand the meaning of faith, one need to have faith in something or someone. Faith would not make thingsRead MoreAn Analysis of the Doctrine of the Blessed Trinity636 Words   |  3 Pagesreconcile the ancient disputes which played a real part in the split between the Eastern and Western Churches. However, the Church has always approached the mystery of the Trinity with tentativeness, especially since it is a dogma of revelation. In other words, although the Trinity is not mentioned directly in Scripture, it is nonetheless revealed sequentially. Because it is a revealed truth, it cannot be said to go against reason but as the Vatican I council of the 19th century concluded: The divineRead MoreFaith Seeking Understanding1021 Words   |  5 PagesFaith Seeking Understanding - St. Anselm The most striking theme in Anselms Proslogion, or faith seeking understanding, is the idea that in order to prove Gods existence one must first have faith in Him, and only then will one be able to truly understand and appreciate Gods existence. Anselm argues for this eloquently, I do not seek to understand that I may believe, but I believe in order to understand. For this also I believe, that unless I believed, I should not understand (Ch.1 Proslogion)Read MoreComparing Religion And Science From A Sociological Viewpoint1478 Words   |  6 Pagesconsider both how irrational social factors influence everything, and the relationship between faith and proof. First of all, There are a number of debates about the similarities and differences between religion with science from aspects of sociological. Then, in my opinion, is not just the science with people who are the physicist or high priests and mullah shaped to religion. Religion can be forming of culture, identity, relationship, practice, power and so on. Also, in the social constructions, science

The Thoughts Of Brahma And The Creation Of God - 1832 Words

The Thoughts of Brahma is one of the creation myths in Hindu scripture that explains the creation of the world that is Earth today. In this story, Brahma, the Hindu creator God, re-creates the Earth every four ages to bring the Earth to its original condition. To create beings, Brahma meditates and uses his mind. Brahma’s thoughts are then transformed into beings. To begin inhabiting the world, Brahma starts by creating the evil or â€Å"demons,† this becomes the darkness. Brahma then creates the good, which became the light. Afterwards, Brahma begins to create human beings. Brahma then began thinking strangely, and as a result, horrible creatures were created. Brahma was so horrified with his actions that â€Å"all the hairs on his head fell out,† and he mistakenly created ghouls as well. Upon moving on from the dark thoughts, Brahma was able to create all of the other living things we know today. In Thoughts of Brahma, the central theme of the story is creation. Whether the creating is good or evil, this myth focuses on explaining the process on how the world became what it is today, and how its inhabitants were formed. The Thoughts of Brahma and the Christian creation stories in the book of Genesis have similarities and differences (Genesis Chapter 1). In both creation stories, a divine being creates the world and all of the beings that inhabit it. Some differences are that in the Christian faith, God takes an active role in up keeping and sustaining the earth. In the HinduShow MoreRelatedEssay on Creation737 Words   |  3 Pages Creation The Creation Stories Did the creation of the earth and life begin by itself? Or did God create them? In the beginning, civilization started to question who created earth. There were many different views. In Genesis, Jinasena, and Buddha have their own thinking. There were some differences as well as similarities. In Genesis, it was stated that God created heaven and earth. Everything we saw is Gods work. Even ourselves is come out from him. In one week, Days and Nights; Skies andRead MoreCosmic Paper978 Words   |  4 PagesCosmic Creation Myths Across Taliah Daniels Hum/105 December 19, 2012 GLORIA PUGLIESE Cosmic Creation Myths Across Regarding Creation Although there are a great number of creation myths that are propagated by people of Chinese descent, virtually all of them acknowledge Pan Gu. Those that due generally state that Pan Gu was the first being and that all existence in the universe—especially the earth and the heavens—is comprised of this being. The general story of Pan Gu begins with hisRead MoreHow Saraswati Is The Goddess Of Knowledge936 Words   |  4 Pagesexplains what her dharma was and why she is considered the goddess of knowledge. There are several different myths about how she came to be, but most of them say that she came from the god Brahma. Brahma is the creator of the earth and at the beginning there was not much order and everything was very chaotic. 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It has been said there are three hundred thirty-three million Gods in in the Hindu faith, which by definition would certainly make it a polytheistic religion. Those same individuals may be even more confused if they were to visit with a practitioner who tells them there really is only one God and the other Gods are merely idols to help the m focus their understanding of the religion. The religionRead MoreBuddhism And The Buddhist Art1289 Words   |  6 PagesApproximately 350 million people around the world are Buddhists. It began about 2,500 years ago when Siddhartha Gautama at age 35, known as the Buddha, was â€Å"awakened or enlightened†. Buddhism basically means you must lead a moral life, be aware of your thoughts and actions and try to develop wisdom and understanding. It explains a purpose to life, tries to explain injustice and inequality and provides a way of life that leads to happiness. Buddhism began in India, and the earliest Buddhist art is foundRead MoreHinduism and Christianity: Monotheistic Paths to One God. Essay2278 Words   |  10 PagesTrimurti of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva and the Christian Trinity of God the Father, Jesus the Son and the Holy Spirit. In comparing Trinity and Trimurti, religious scholar, Anuradha Veeravali (Indian Philosophies, Encyclopedia of Religion) draws parallels between Brahma and God, Vishnu and the Holy Spirit, and Shiva and Jesus, but persists in the common idea that Christianity is a monotheistic faith while Hinduism is polytheistic. However, Bede Griffiths, a Christian priest living in India, has daredRead MoreAncient And Early Modern Societies1145 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment, and even science. They also believed in sacrifices because they believed they owed something to the Gods, who they praised regularly. In the primary source, Enuma Elish, which talked about different gods and how they went through a period of chaos while trying to create nature. In this particular text there is six tablets and each tablet will mention nature and the obstacles each god faced. The first tablet in particular starts off saying â€Å"When in the height heaven was not named, And the earthRead MoreThe Myth Of The Indian Creation Myth957 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many creation myths that have been told for hundreds of years that have served as an explanation for how the world works. Each culture has a creation myth that is unique to them. India, for example, has a creation myth that has been told for hundreds of years, and by examining the myth, it is possible to understand what their culture values. The Indian creation myth is one of the Puranas, or religious texts, within the Veda. According to Barry B. Powell, this myth may have been told aroundRead MoreHindu Mythology2128 Words   |  9 PagesClassical Civilizations Student Number: 208504832 Student Name: Nahishta Singh Course name: Classical Civilizations 201 Mythology Assignment: 1 Question: Describe the creation myth of any traditional ethnicity or culture of your choice, ancient or modern. How, according to this culture, did the world begin how did humans originate? Sign: _________________________

Nco Support Channel Essay Example For Students

Nco Support Channel Essay The NCO support channel is subordinate to and supportive of the chain of command. The NCO support channel is not an independent channel. It is incumbent on the users of this channel to ensure that the chain of command is kept informed of actions implemented through the NCO support channel and to eliminate the possibility of the NCO support channel operating outside of command policy and directives. Problems should be brought to the attention of the chain of command and resolved through a coordinated effort. Since the NCO support channel should be operating in accordance with established command policy and directives, conflicts should be minimal and easily resolved. Prior to 1977 the NCO support channel was regarded as informal. However, AR 600-20 formalized the NCO support channel and expanded its functions in December 1976. The NCO support channel is now directive in nature within established policies and orders. Because of this, commanders are seeing the senior NCO more actively participating in all unit activities and tasks. The NCO support channel (leadership chain) parallels and reinforces the chain of command. NCO leaders work with and support the commissioned and warrant officers of their chain of command. In units at the battalion level and higher, the NCO support channel is the communication and supervision that begins with the command sergeant major (CSM), extends through first sergeants and platoon sergeants and ends with section chiefs, squad leaders, or team leaders. In addition to passing information, this channel is used for executing the commander’s orders and getting routine, but important, jobs done. Most often it is used to put into effect policies and procedures and to enforce standards of performance, training, appearance and conduct. The connection between the chain of command and the NCO support channel is the senior NCO. Commanders issue orders through the chain of command, but senior NCOs must know and understand the orders to issue effective implementing instructions through the NCO support channel. Although the first sergeant and command sergeants major are not part of the formal chain of command, leaders should consult them on individual soldier matters. Successful officers have a good leader and NCO relationship with their first sergeants and command sergeants major. This leaves the commander free to plan, make decisions and program future training and operations. The need for such a relationship applies to platoon leaders and platoon sergeants as well as to staff officers and NCOs. Senior NCOs have extensive experience in successfully completing missions and dealing with enlisted soldier issues. Also, senior NCOs can monitor organizational activities at all levels, take corrective action to keep the organization within the boundaries of the commander’s intent, or report situations that require the attention of the officer leadership. Regardless of where the information or task begins – in the chain of command or in the NCO support channel – keep the counterpart informed. A positive relationship between officers and NCOs creates conditions for success.