Marketing management of lenovo’s photostat machine

Company Description: – ( INTRODUCTION )Lenovo has a good name and frame in the market. Lenovo group limited is today the 3rd largest personal computing machine maker in the universe particularly in Asia. But one m traveling to present a new merchandise which is â€Å" Photostat machine † . As Lenovo is a good trade name so one will non happen any sort of trouble to present a new merchandise. The procedure must turn to all the stairss to necessary to get down volume production, develop need documentation, and back up the merchandise. Improved merchandise launch consequences in faster clip net income activities are better planned and co-ordinate and more tightly integrated. System informations are better understood and system may be better integrated. System informations are demand are better integrated.The consequence in better production ramp-up, more expeditiously selling, a sale force better integrated selling the new merchandise and a service and support group better able to service and back up the new merchandise.leading to greater client credence. After Hewlett Packard, dingle. Lenovo creates a most advanced merchandises and service. Lenovo offers a heavy monetary value line and they already launched a broad scope of merchandises such as laptops, desktops and so many merchandises.BUSINESS Mission: –I am seting my merchandise portfolio to a planetary participant. It will assist in approaching future clip. i introduce a new merchandise. one create this merchandise for the creative activity of planetary platforms and development of local platforms to accommodate state specific demands. focused on cost, increasing merchandise complexness, making a multi location merchandise. In our quickly altering and extremely competitory markets successful new merchandise launch is thought by many but the job is that the deficit of thoughts and disbursal in production and marketing new merchandises without any warrant of success. No 1 know that the produst u R traveling to establish is traveling on top or it fails. Thoroughly my calling I have seen many new merchandises and talked 1000 of invitors who could hold saved themselves thousand of dollers and increase the likeliness of success if he had model for developing thoughts and fix it for market. By seeing all this one take experience and my experience leads us the following six measure procedure after establishing a Photostat machine. 1 ) First one see that who is the mark client. 2 ) How do i desire to travel to market i.e produce the merchandise, sell the thought or license the merchandise to person else to bring forth the market. 3 ) Explore the merchandise. 4 ) What are the market research stage. 5 ) Analysis and development of market program. 6 ) Execute the program and establish the merchandise By taking all this things in my head I starts work Our concern mission is launch our merchandise in such a manner that it will provide all our the worls and derive more and more net income.Selling Aim: –Marketing aims of my merchandise is to catch the attending of the clients.Aims can be set in two degrees: –1. Corporate Degree: -These are those aims which are concern in concern as a whole or a administration. I am taking this two type of aims in establishing Photostat machine. 2. FUNCTIONAL Degree: -these are particular sort of selling activities.By these two I m besides take into consideration on smart standards which is as under:Specific- The aim should province exactly come once more? Is to be achieve. Measurable- An aim should be knowing of measurement – so that it is possible to make up one's mind whether ( or how far ) it has been achieved. Achievable- Ahe aim should be matter-of-fact given the province of personal businesss in which it is set and the capital available to the concern. Relevant- Aims should be applicable to the people responsible for accomplishing them. Time Bound- Aims have to be set with a time-frame in head. These clip bound besides need to be realistic.CUSTOMER PROFILE: –I m traveling to establish a new merchandise of Lenovo. my merchandise is the photostate machine and I introduce this merchandise in the market it has a to maintain client profile besides. Customer profile means what are the client demands and what they except. They besides see that what are the stratergies they use4 P ‘S OF THE LENOVO ‘S PHOTOSTAT MACHINE: –MerchandiseName- Lenovo ‘s Photostat machine is the name of my merchandise. Merchandise variety- it is new, different, usual, designed to make full an identified demand. It is launched assorted colorss.Monetary value:List price- The list monetary value of the Photostat machine is starts from 65000/ . It is less expensive Photostat machine than that of its rivals. After the new Photostat machine is being developed the following measure is to put the monetary value.Firstly I will doubtless look to market rivals for indicants of how monetary value should be set. I will put competition based pricing.Like I can see traveling rate monetary value to put monetary value.PromotionAdvertising- Ad is done by utilizing assorted methods like media advertisement, intelligence paper advertisement, magazines, etc. Gross saless promotion- Gross saless publicity of Photostat machine is done by offering gifts and other points to pull the distributers. Public relations- Photostat machine is so far really good in keeping good relationship with its clients by stating them about new invention in the bing merchandise.Topographic pointLocations- The Photostat machine provides a good service to its clients. Coverage- Photostat machine covers all local countries really efficaciously. This is the most of import factor, and so takes action ; make certain they can make every country so that it helps in school and concern intents.Channelss& A ; Oslash ; Manufacturer to dealer & A ; Oslash ; Manufacturer to clientSWOT ANALYSISSTRENGHTS:& A ; Oslash ; It has good productProducts & A ; Oslash ; Good service quality & A ; Oslash ; Global coverage & A ; Oslash ; Strong and effectual use & A ; Oslash ; maintain up to day of the month on what competiton is makingFailing:& A ; Oslash ; Entire plus turnover is one of the failing of my photostatmachine. & A ; Oslash ; Lack of inventionOpportunity& A ; Oslash ; My merchandise has the chance to catch the market portion. & A ; Oslash ; Peoples are going more conceious towards proficient accomplishments i.e computing machine cognition. So one develop a multifunction Photostat machine should aim these peoples by offering alone merchandises.Menace& A ; Oslash ; The chief menaces is its rival. There are batch of rivals who lower down the sale of merchandise.Selling Plan: –Plan that inside informations a company ‘s selling attempt ; besides called action plan.marketing scheme. The selling program may be laid out for an single merchandise or for the full company and all its merchandises. In either instance, the program specifies the selling ends and aims to be achieved over a specific clip period and so lays out the assorted schemes to be followed in accomplishing them. It will besides define the duties for transporting out the program. Well I am looking to present a new Photostat machine of lenovo in the market.To full fill this intent foremost I should hold to fix a market program through wh ich I may happen out the market state of affairss. I am following seven stairss as selling program to develop my Photostat machine in the market. These points are as follow- 1 ) Selling Environment 2 ) NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 3 ) Pricing OF THE PRODUCT 4 ) Launching Political campaign 5 ) Ad AND PROMOTION 6 ) LOGISTIC AND SUPPLY CHAINSelling environmentThe selling environment in India is undergoing a rapid transmutation, and this is peculiarly important for Indian companies. Changes in authorities ordinances and economic policies, forces of globalization and competition, and the evolving nature of ingestion behaviors are supplying important chances. Many companies have started using the chances that are emerging in the altering selling environment. As the market of consumers are acquiring educated they are giving more emphasis on quality than monetary value. Selling environment is made up of external factor which is further made up of micro and macro factors. I am taking in to consideration all these factors while establishing a Photostat machine and conveying it into the market. A big figure of forces shape the selling environment. To assist form your thought, it ‘s utile to sort the assorted forces as falling into either the ( 1. ) Direct market environment. ( 2 ) The external market environment. The direct environment of any generic market or product-market includes clients, the company, and rivals. The external market environment is broader. The variables of the external market environment autumn into four major countries: 1. Economic environment. 2. Technological environment. 3. Political and legal environment. 4. Cultural and societal environment. In the short tally, the selling director does n't command the variables of the selling environment. That ‘s why it ‘s sometimes utile to believe of them as unmanageable variables. On the other manus, the selling director can and should carefully see the environmental variables when doing determinations that can be controlled. For illustration, a director may non be able to make anything to countervail the strengths of a specific rival, but the director can choose schemes that lead the house into product-markets where that house does non vie, or where competition in general is non as strong. We ‘ll see how they shape chances restricting some possibilities and doing others more attractive. A company must make up one's mind where it ‘s traveling, or it may fall into the trap expressed so good by the citation: â€Å" Having lost sight of our nonsubjective, we redoubled our attempts. † Company aims should determine the way and operation of the whole concern. It is hard to put aims that truly guide the present and future development of a company. The selling director should be heard when the company is puting aims. But puting whole-company aims within resource bounds is finally the duty of top direction. In this sense, whole-company aims are normally outside the selling director ‘s â€Å" control. † It would be convenient if a company could put one aim such as doing a net income and allow that function as the usher. Actually, nevertheless, puting aims is much more complicated, which helps explicate why it ‘s frequently done ill or non done at all. The undermentioned three aims provide a utile starting point for puting a house ‘s aims. They should be sought together because in the long tally a failure in even one of the three countries can take to entire failure of the concern. A concern should: 1. Engage in specific activities that will execute a socially and economically utile map. 2. Develop an organisation to transport on the concern and implement its schemes. 3. Earn adequate net income to last. The first aim says that the company should make something utile for society. This is n't merely a â€Å" humanitarian † aim. Businesss ca n't be without the blessing of consumers. If a house ‘s activities appear to be contrary to the consumer â€Å" good.New merchandise development-Generating THE IDEASThe new merchandise development procedure starts with the hunt for thoughts. New merchandise development requires garnering thoughts to be evaluated as possible merchandise options. For many companies thought coevals is an on-going procedure with parts from inside and outside the organisation. Many market research techniques are used to promote thoughts including: running focal point groups with consumers, channel members, and the company ‘s gross revenues force ; promoting client remarks etc. Customer demands and wants are the logical topographic point to get down the hunt. Employees throughout the company can be beginning of thoughts for any merchandise.ScreeningTh e thoughts generated in thought coevals are critically evaluated by company forces to insulate the most attractive options. Depending on the figure of thoughts, showing may be done in unit of ammunitions with the first unit of ammunition affecting company executives judging the feasibleness of thoughts while consecutive unit of ammunitions may use more advanced research techniques. Acceptable thoughts move on to the following measure. Market Research and Analysis †¢ Situational Analysis †¢ Product/Service AnalysisOur strengths are:– Low monetary values – High quality merchandises – Experienced StaffOur failings are:– Limited distribution channelsTarget MARKET STRATEGY†¢ Students of the university †¢ Staff of the university †¢ Corporate universe †¢ schoolsBusiness AnalysisNow in concern analysis the procedure becomes really dependent on market research as attempts are made to analyse the viability of the merchandise thoughts. Much attempt is directed at both internal research, such as treatments with production and buying forces, and external selling research, such as client and distributer studies, secondary research, and rival analysis. By concern analysis we come to cognize about gauging entire gross revenues, costs and net income.PRODUCT AND MARKETING MIX DEVELOPMENTIdeas go throughing through concern analysis are given serious consideration for development. Companies direct their research and development squads to build an initial design or paradigm of the thought. I will besides get down to build a selling program for the merchandise. Once the paradigm is ready the seller seeks client input. In add-on to deriving client feedback, this measure is used to estimate the feasibleness of large-scale, cost effectual prod uction for manufactured merchandises. Chiefly at this phase the company will find weather the merchandise thought can be translated in to a technically merchandise.Market TestingAfter direction is satisfied the merchandise is ready to dressed up with a trade name name and set in to a market trial. In some instances the seller accepts what was learned from construct proving and skips over market proving to establish the thought as a to the full marketed merchandise. But other companies may seek more input from a larger group before traveling to commercialisation. The most common type of market proving makes the merchandise available to a selective little section of the mark market ( e.g. , one metropolis ) , which is exposed to the full selling attempt as they would be to any merchandise they could buy.CommercializationIf market proving shows assuring consequences the merchandise is ready to be introduced to a wider market. Some houses introduce or roll-out the merchandise in moving ridges with parts of the market having the merchandise on different agendas. This allows the company to rage up production in a more controlled manner and to ticket melody the selling mix as the merchandise is distributed to new areas.In commercializing a new merchandise, market entry timing is critical like if I have completed my development work and cognize that my rival is approaching the terminal of its development work so I will confront three choices-First entry, Parallel entry, Late entry. This determination involves extra consideration. It depends how we want to come in in market.Analysis of competition will include pricing by direct rivals, related merchandises and primary merchandises* Direct Competitor Pricing – Almost all selling determinations, including pricing, will include an rating of rivals ‘ offerings. The impact of this information on the existent scene of monetary value will depend on the competitory nature of the market. we must non merely research competitory monetary values but must besides pay close attending to how these companies will react to the our pricing determinations. * Related Product Pricing – Products that offer new ways for work outing client demands may look to pricing of merchandises that clients are presently utilizing even though these other merchandises may non look to be direct rivals.GOVERNMENT REGULATIONWe must be cognizant of ordinances that impact how monetary value is set in the markets in which their merchandises are sold. These ordinances are chiefly authorities enacted significance that there may be legal branchings if the regulations are non followed. Price ordinances can come from any degree of authorities and vary widely in their demands. Finally, when selling beyond their place market, we must acknowledge that local ordinances may do pricing determinations different for each market. This is peculiarly a concern when merchandising to international markets where failure to see ordinances can take to terrible punishments. Consequently sellers must hold a clear apprehension of ordinances in each market they serve. There are besides extra legal concerns when it comes to monetary value.STP for the merchandiseAfter holding the merchandise development and choosing the monetary values I will travel for establishing the merchandise. In the launch run I will be demoing or presenting the assorted characteristics of the merchandise. The chief thought behind this is to do people familiar about the merchandise and here I will be ask foring all the major distributers of different metropoliss who are maintaining the Photostat machines of different companies besides so that they come to cognize about my new trade name and can hold sto ck with them. I can do topographic point for my merchandise in bing market by deep market survey, maintaining the monetary value less than other existing monetary value of the photostat machines. Positioning is to show the procedure. Any company, single, merchandise and service could utilize this method to â€Å" busy † a place in the heads of consumers The placement can be done by utilizing assorted mediums like giving advertizements on telecasting, newspapers etc. Placement of the photostat machine is being done really efficaciously in the heads of clients. It is depth survey of the mark audience from the position of the audience themselves in order to take information to administer efficaciously and vouch a manner to supply consistent communicating. This will make a method which consequences in consumers memorising the company or the merchandise in a certain manner. The rule of positioning created a new epoch. With this construct widely known and accepted by the people, se lling experts besides tried to link this rule with the bing selling theory systemsPromotion and Ad:Promotion is a signifier of corporate communicating that uses assorted methods to make a targeted audience with a certain message in order to accomplish specific organisational aims. About all organisations, must prosecute in some signifier of publicity. Such attempts may run from transnational houses passing big amounts on procuring high-profile famous persons to function as corporate interpreters to the proprietor of a one-man endeavor go throughing out concern cards at a local bourgeois ‘s meeting. For publicity, apart from go oning the bing scheme of concentrating on T.V. channels. I would besides concentrate on advancing through wireless. Our publicity scheme is based chiefly on doing the right information available to the right mark client. In this we have to look into that what manner of advertizement we have to utilize to the advertizement of the Lenovo ‘s Photostat machine.Decision:To establish any new merchandise like Photostat machine in the market it is really customary to establish the merchandise as per a specific selling program of that merchandise. To cognize the current place of the companies that is bring forthing the same merchandises and what consumers demand from them. To maximise their net income and capturing more market portion proper analysis of each and every phase involved in selling program is really of import. If the company non doing marketing program before establishing any new merchandise so there are maximal opportunities of acquiring loss. A selling program may be portion of an overall concern program. Solid selling statergy is the foundation of a well-written selling program. While a selling program contains a list of actions, a selling program without a sound strategic foundation is of small usage. Behind the corporate aims, which in themselves offer the chief context for the selling program, will put the ‘corporate mission ‘ ; which in bend provides the context for these corporate aims. At the last I can reason that selling program is indispensable to do before establishing any new merchandise in the market.

Conservation vs Preservation

Conservation vs. Preservation Letters Dear Local Newspaper Editor, I wanted to talk about the importance of conserving our national forest. There are many things we can do to tap into the natural resources without harming the environment. We can take the necessary to survive without depleting the resource so that it has a chance to regenerate, whether the source would be fish, deer, or even vegetation. We will take precautionary measures when tapping into any resources. For example, if we would be tapping into oil reserves we would do it in a way that we will not pollute the water, the land, or the atmosphere.Like we have been doing it for years we will commit in doing the reforestation. Where ever we need to take part of the land we will replenish it with what we take. That will give the land a chance to revitalize itself. We have so much technology in which we can avoid any type of disaster. We know if we make a mistake we can harm many things, like the animals or the vegetation. T hat is why we will make sure we do not make any mistakes, and for any reason we will have different types of plans any type of emergency. By conserving and getting the resources we need, will benefit us in many ways.Energy from fossil fuels such as gasoline, electricity, and natural gases for heating are very beneficial. When conserving properly we can keep the natural forestation going for many years to come. We have to make sure to protect and be cautious of what we are doing and using so we can continue benefiting from these natural resources. We should do this so that way we would be using our own natural resources and not rely on resources from other countries. We need to help everyone out because without these resources we cannot live the way we are living. We are going to conserve this forest so there can still be rivers and streams flowing.Animals will still have their homes and their food. We are not trying to destroy nature nor are we planning to. We need to come to an agr eement where we can get to the resources we need without harming anyone or anything during this process. Please take our offer into consideration. Sincerely, The Conservationist Dear Local Newspaper Editor, I wanted to start off by letting you know that I am against tearing down the national forest. We need to preserve the forest because it sustains our natural resources. We need to come up with a plan to get the resources we need without disturbing the natural state of the land.In the Bridger Teton video I watch they showed how beautiful nature was and how important it was to preserve the land. Throughout the years people have taken more than what they need. This National Forest is the last large forest that has a growing wild life population in which animals can make it their home. I have seen the affects that have been caused when people tear down natural dessert lands as well. Flooding started happening around us. By tearing down the natural forest it will impact the animals by making them scarce and also tearing down their natural habitat, which makes it hard to survive.I understand that we do need oil and gas to survive but we also need to have natural lands to keep us and the animals alive. I don’t understand how people could want to destroy something that is so beautiful and that will benefit us in the future. Like I mentioned earlier, wildlife will not have a home so what happens to the animals? Where will they go? There have been many incidents where people destroy a natural habitat and the wildlife ends up in someone’s back yard. The news has shown where they kill these poor defensive animals because they believe they are a danger.We are a danger to them because we are destroying their homes. It is very important to preserve the national forest so our future children can see something that is naturally there. It is a beautiful place for people to see and actually relax with what nature feels like. People get away from everyday life and enjoy something different. We would also not be able to study such a unique part of the world to know exactly what it can offer us. Thank you for your time and please take nature into consideration. Sincerely, The Preservationist

Realism in Sweat Essay

In Zora Neale Hurston’s short story â€Å"Sweat† the author uses rhythm and repetition to shape her theme of survival and empowerment by simulating labored and conscious footsteps, rhythmic pounding of sledge hammers along a chain gang, and the loud beats of an anxious and overworked heart. This rhythm and repetition builds tension as Delia, the protagonist, finds within herself the strength necessary to survive and overcome the abuse with which she lives, and eventually conquering her abusive husband, Sykes, by allowing a snake’s venom to take over his blood stream, killing him. The rhythm and repetition found in the short story â€Å"Sweat† simulate the echoes of someone repeating to herself the motivational words necessary to her survival. It is the author’s use of rhythm and repetition that create detailed characters, plausible events, and the comprehensive and complex detail of banal activities of everyday life representative of realism in literature. In â€Å"Sweat,† Hurston tells the story of Delia, a middle-aged, black woman who works very hard washing clothes for white people to support her cheating, unemployed husband, Sykes, who continually berates her during bouts of physical abuse. Hurston uses accents in her rhythm to accurately and realistically simulate the sounds and actions of a washer woman bringing to life the torturous and necessary day to day activities of Delia. According to Kennedy, readers â€Å"favor a stressed syllable with a little more breath and emphasis† (429), and the author uses this technique to simulate in detail Delia’s mind and heart. True to the realism movement, Delia describes her life as, â€Å"Work and sweat, cry and sweat, pray and sweat† (233), as she works to grow beyond the poverty of her past. In reading this, one can hear Delia’s feet drag and pound, drag and pound, drag and pound. The author’s attention to detail allows the reader to hear and feel both rhythm and repetition with these phrases consisting of three words, each word being one syllable, and each phrase ending with, â€Å"and sweat. It is both the fact that Delia speaks to herself, as well as the words she uses, that inform the reader that Delia is pushing herself through the plausible life of a post Civil War washer woman in hopes for something better, and at the same time fighting for her survival. With the words â€Å"work† and â€Å"pray† the reader learns that the story’s protagonist is fighting for survival, hoping for survival, and begging her God for the assistance necessary for her survival . Delia’s life is one of begrudging hard work necessary for survival. When reading Delia’s words to her selfish husband, â€Å"Sweat, sweat, sweat† (233), the reader pictures the swinging sledgehammer of a southern slave sweating through life as he works endlessly in the heat of the sun. It is the rhythm of her words that allows the reader to envision an enslaved man swing the hammer back, up and over his head, and then come crashing down as the business end of the heavy tool connects with the rock at the very instant the reader hears Delia say, â€Å"Sweat. Despite the abolition of slavery, Delia’s life is one of servitude. Her master is Sykes. Her sledge hammer is â€Å"her knotty, muscled limbs, her harsh knuckly hands† (234). The reader feels the anxious dread of Delia as she works day in and day out at a hideous, painstaking job in order to earn the money necessary to feed herself and her husband, as she knows that the reality of her life is that she is the only person on whom she can depend to prevent her from becomin g homeless and/or dying from starvation. One begins to wonder how Delia survives the torment and abuse she receives from her husband, but she does. Delia accepts the abuse, and it strengthens her. The reader can feel and hear the rhythmic, â€Å"duh DUM, duh DUM, duh DUM,† pattern of Delia’s heart beat stronger and stronger in the author’s words, â€Å"Her tears, her sweat, her blood† (234). Her heart is tired. Her heart is overworked. Delia knows this. She feels this. She wants it to end. She works hard, and like other muscles, her heart gets stronger as it works. Delia continues to work her mind and body as endures the long, hard hours of work, as well as the physical and mental abuse of her husband. She will not succumb to the endless pain and suffering. The reader knows she is fighting in that she cries and works. One who is going to give into difficulty does not continue to work. Instead a person who wishes to give in lies down to die. Delia wants to survive. She fights for her survival everyday as she works, bleeds, cries, prays, and sweats. It is this drive to overcome that motivates Delia to continue existing in a Hell she hopes to someday escape. Hurston uses rhythm and repetition to create realistic details of the life of Delia as she shapes the theme of empowerment and survival in her short story â€Å"Sweat. † The author describes in detail the back breaking day to day reality of a Post Civil War woman as she strives with every ounce of her being to overcome the poverty of her past, and escape the bonds of slavery held by her husband.

Systems Analysis & Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Systems Analysis & Design - Essay Example Every business operates in a very different manner so that they are able to function and cater to the various focus groups for their prosperity. The very complexity of the business function would take into account the modeling of the function for getting the information captured and bringing the operations in the same page. System investigation: The primary analysis of the system is essential for enveloping all the business data and information requirements to map all processes in the organization (Hoffer). It is done so that no data is left out and there is 100% coverage of the business requirements. The requirements of this stage demand enough expertise and skill to effectively understand and capitalize on information so that information is captured to its full swing. Systems analysis and Design: Once all the requirements are collected successfully they are analyzed to their importance and framed into defined design models such as DFD, E-R diagram and others so that their modeling is successfully transformed into a working system (Navathe). The entire design reflects the working of the organizational processes and their penetrations with external forces. The capabilities of this stage demands business modeling methods and strategies for developing a suitable data flow diagram to correctly figure out the process. Systems coding: This is the actual step where the business requirements are actually implemented and taken care to be given a representation. The impact of this stage would result in greater understanding of the business methods and good communication skills with the client. This stage creates an impact to make a difference to code the system to exact requirements mapped in the planning stages. Systems implementation: Successful implementation of the system is essential for the system to facilitate working and for the users to take full advantage of the

Discussion Question Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Discussion Question - Term Paper Example tional goals for medium term growth and development, there is the tendency that whiles preparing the pro forma financial statement of the company, the assets and liabilities of the targeted company to be acquired will be factored in the financial statement. According to the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), there are several laid down regulations that should guide the preparation of financial statements by companies. Any practices that seem to go contrary to these standards are considered as illegal and unethical. It is for this reason that caution always needs to be taken when deciding on the selection of data for pro forma financial statements. In the first place, it is important for the company to realize that data that will be considered for inclusion would only be those that have been certified by accountants as completed deals. This means that all data that comes from uncompleted transactions should not be considered. What is more, investors must be made aware of the difference between pro forma figures and those derived from the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). This means that under no circumstance should investors be deceived to be made to take projected data as actual and existing data. In order to ensure integrity and sanity in the accounting field, several efforts have been made in reference to the introduction of a number of accounting methods. One of such similar software was introduced by Microsoft (Canes, 2004). These are good interventions but analysts have advised that companies should always look into the reliability and accuracy associated with such accounting methods implementing them. This is an advice that holds very much for the present company as a way of ensuring integrity of its data used. Secondly, it is advised that the company publishes and keeps two separate financial statements. One of this should be the pro forma financial statement while the other will be the actual GAAP financial statement. This

Health, Safety and Security in the Salon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Health, Safety and Security in the Salon - Essay Example The staff can pose health risks to clients when they use wet hands in washing the hair and when working with wet hair. The clients and the staffs normally suffer from dermatitis, increased skin sensitivity and severely dry skin. The use of wet hands in delivering the services to customers occurs when there is no usage of non latex gloves by the staff. In addition, the staff may not have necessary training to dry their hands thoroughly and to reduce the moisture when handling wet hair. Further, the staffs are not provided with non perfumed hand cream to ensure that their hands are dry (Green, 2004). Hair dressing products and chemicals also pose safety and health risks to clients and to the staff. Lightening bleach products may cause eye or skin irritation to the staff and clients. This is due to the purchasing of dusty bleaches and their usage in the salon. Dusty bleaches affect the health of clients and the staff because they lead to breathing allergies and irritation. Other chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide used as a developer or neutralizer may also cause eye or skin irritation if not used well by the staff. This is due to the inability to use the recommended concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide may also be stored closer to light, heat and other products. Further, oxidative colorants also cause eye and skin irritation to the workers in the salon as well as the clients. Wrong usage of oxidative colorants is due to the inability of the staff to check the customer history of allergy so as to prevent damage to the scalp.

Managing People for a Competitive Advantage class Research Paper

Managing People for a Competitive Advantage class - Research Paper Example The affirmative action programs are the only one hopeful way that can be used to deal with racial segregation. According to David L. Chappell, elimination of the programs in the name of their ineffectiveness would just worsen the situation instead of resolving it. This mainly owes to the fact that, a long period of time would take before other effective programs can be formed. Thus, it would be better and more time effective to try to fix the loose ends of the current programs instead of eliminating them completely (Chappell, 3). The affirmative action programs are also still necessary due to the fact that discrimination and inequality are issues that need experience and expertise in order to be countered. Evidently, the affirmative action programs are fully equipped with these two qualities and thus, they can be very helpful in eliminating cases such as preferential treatment. With the issue of preferential treatment being very rampant in the United States, it is only the affirmative action programs that can help since they already have set procedures of solving such issues (Chappell, 4). Despite other people alleging that this action by the affirmative programs would lead to reverse discrimination, in my opinion, this would not happen since the program can come up with measures that just uphold equality without having negative impacts on any race. One other reason that supports the fact that affirmative action programs are still necessary is that; other countries such as India are also using the same programs to curtail inequality and discrimination among their citizens (Chappell, 5). The United States should therefore look out for the weaknesses of its program instead of doing away with it completely. Other countries such as Malaysia have also proved that indeed affirmative programs have positive results if well implemented. In conclusion, I strongly support the fact that affirmative action should still be

Why is freedom important Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why is freedom important - Essay Example Society has lived this way for eons and, although there have been efforts from certain sectors to try to curb these logical and natural freedoms, we have always lived our lives free of any constraints. Unfortunately, we oftentimes fail to acknowledge this fact which is why we end up taking the freedoms that we have in our lives for granted. While other countries struggle for a semblance of democracy and their people are crying out for freedom, we simply go about our free lives without a worry or care in the world. That is why there is a need for us, as a collective society, to come to an understanding as to what the true meaning of freedom is and why it is important to all of us. It is perhaps best to begin the discussion of the importance of freedom on the basis of the Harm Principle. According to Oliviera (2006), under this principle, the actions of individuals should only be limited once it is proven that the person will cause great harm to those around him. This is the basis of t he laws that govern our land. I cannot stress the importance of the Harm Principle in our daily lives for this is the principle upon which all our other freedoms are based upon. I do not doubt that this is also the principle upon which arrest and imprisonment of people doing harm to others comes from. After all, if you cause harm to another human being, you end up in jail. That is what the Harm Principle is all about and that is why it is the most important basis of our most basic freedoms in our society today. The Harm Principle presents us with a maxim that has allowed people to develop their sense of freedom in a responsible manner. This is known as the Liberty Principle which, allows people to develop their individuality through freedom of choice. By allowing people to have options in life, a person is forced to view the pros and cons of his possible decisions and then go with the decision that he feels will best serve his individual identity. He has the freedom to choose from a ny number of outcomes, hence the Liberty Decision. He makes his decision free of guilt and responsibility to others. His sole responsibility in this respect, it only to himself thus making his decision absolute. Without the Harm Principle to consider, we would not have encountered the need for positive and negative liberty among our people. Carter (2011) thoroughly explains that the Harm principle is possibly what gave way to the emergence of the positive and negative liberties of man. Simply put, the negative liberty is one that offers no obstacles to living a life secure in the freedom that he is experiencing. It was Isaiah Berlin (Carter, 2011) who explained that negative freedom is simply the absence of obstacles in life that prevent one from living life. Negative freedom is a sense of liberty that we all experience if there are no external interferences from groups that could hamper our freedom of movement and choice. Whereas positive freedom is one that exists due to need to c ontrol a certain situation or event due to the internal factors being the basis for individuals and groups to act independently of each other. Having said that, it seems only logical, after having developed an understanding of the importance behind positive and negative liberty, we come to a discussion Rousseau's Theory of freedom. As per Simpson's (2006), understanding of Rousseau's Theory of Freedom, there are actually 4 kinds of freedom that should be deemed relevant to politics. These freedoms are: 1. Natural freedom 2. civil freedom, democratic freedom, 3. moral freedom. This is supposed to be the social contract that supposedly binds us all to humanly treating each other regardless of personal sentiment. It is believed that the aforementioned freedoms are the basis that we as a people use to

Management and Leadership Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management and Leadership Paper - Essay Example Likewise, the discourse aims to propose recommendations and strategies that organizational managers and leaders can use to create and maintain a healthy organizational culture; through the support of the concepts discussed in the course module. Differentiation between Managers and Leaders The executive team of Westgate Resorts is composed of the founder and president, David A. Siegel; as well as five other officers: Jim Gissy, the Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing; Barry W. Siegel, the Executive Vice President of Sales; Tom Dugan, the Chief Financial Officer; Mark Waltrip, the Chief Operating Officer; and finally, Michael E. Marder, the organization’s General Counsel (Westgate Resorts). These members of the executive team could be considered both leaders and managers. The differentiating factor between managers and leaders are the nature of roles and responsibilities that each person is entrusted with. As managers, they are expected to be knowledgeable in underta king functions of planning, directing, organizing and controlling facets of the organization that are entrusted to them. For instance, Tom Dugan, as Chief Financial Officer, is also a manager in terms of planning, directing, organizing and controlling crucial aspects pertaining to the finances of the Westgate Resorts. Thus, all people under his tutelage: finance and accounting personnel, are expected to abide by their respective roles and responsibilities relating to the funds of the Westgate. According to Martires and Fule, â€Å"managers are concerned with the creation of an environment for performance. They achieve goals through the efforts of other people. They have to influence the behavior of other people in order to get things done. This requires leadership, and, managers have to be leaders as well† (150). Within the organization, some groups or teams could assign leaders, but who are not necessarily managers. Roles and Responsibilities of Managers and Leaders As previ ously mentioned, managers have primary roles and responsibilities that pertain to functions of planning, organizing, directing and controlling the department or people concerned of a specific area: marketing, sales, finance, administration, human resources, and customer service, among others. Thus, at Westgate Resorts, the Executive Vice President for Sales, Barry W. Siegel’s role and responsibilities include: â€Å"oversee(ing) the company's multiple sales resorts. He is responsible for the strategic planning, cost/profit analysis, development of staff, corporate identity, and development of procedures and performance standards† (Westgate Resorts par. 1). Concurrently, Mark Waltrip, the Chief Operating Officer, also assumes the responsibilities of both manager and leader through his focus diverse areas such as: â€Å"corporate leadership, sales, marketing, real estate development, project acquisitions, construction, resort operations, asset management, procurement se rvices, information technology and human resources† (Westgate Resorts par. 1). Thus, Waltrip ensures that all areas are operated in a unified and collaborative manner, avoiding conflicts and chaos, to ensure that a smooth process and a health organizational culture is

Wenz view on Consumption and Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wenz view on Consumption and Consumerism - Essay Example According to Wenz, he distinguishes the aspects of both the anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism affecting the environmental standard of the economy. The mentalities of the people are usually centered toward the development of their standard of living and increase the per-capita income. Human beings forget to progress hand in hand with the nature. The materialistic desires of the industrialists and the high-income group of people erases out the thinking power to contribute to environment as such. The improvement of environment and the wildlife have become the least important factor in this race for monopolistic concentration of wealth. Wenz states that due to the far-stretching hands of market and extending the limits of consumerism, the valuable resources are getting scare and exploited gradually. This is also bringing frustration to buy a highly marketed good and correspondingly the level of smooth working is also interrupted. Every property, if publicly hold faces the â€Å" problem of commons†( â€Å"Reconciling environmental ethics and political value†). This leads to the damage and reduction of the property value. The sustainability of the environment receives a negative feedback in respect to the current and the future generation. With the loss of these natural resources, people in the present time period enjoys the benefits but finally leaving nothing for the upcoming generation in the next period. This thought, to work for the improvement of the social animals is causing harm to the long-term strategy of the economy. Even, in the view from the non-anthropocentric people who are engaged in the welfare of and endangered species yield economic and environmental conflicts in the society. It may happen that to save a particular species and promote the welfare of them might lead to the slaughtering of another species of plants or animals causing a misbalance in the

Financial Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Financial Risk Management - Essay Example At the business level, managers use VaR as a standard summery of market risk exposure. A benefit of the VaR which is a, the great value theory, is that it may be computed without full information of the return allocation. Semi or fully non-parametric estimation processes are obtainable for downside risk estimation. Additionally, at an adequately low confidence level the VaR calculate explicitly concentrates regulators and risk manager’s attention on uncommon losses, than on potential catastrophic great losses. The general use of VaR based risk management is that, it has become increasingly significant in the study of the belongings the option market, and the stock market of these constraints. For instance, organizations with a VaR constraint may be willing to purchase out of the money put choices on the market portfolio so as to limit their downside risk. If multiple organizations follow the similar risk management plan, then this will clearly lift the equilibrium costs of the se options. In addition the form of the returns of stock distribution in equilibrium will be influenced by the management efforts of collective risk. As an outcome, it is possible that the allocation of stock returns will become more heavy-tailed. This would involve the effort to control market risk, and therefore to decrease default risk, has it unfavorably increased the chance of such events. A part of the Long Tern Capital Management (LTCM) strategy was to expect that the increase between various rates would become limited, especially, the increases among the rates of corporate bonds and treasury bonds which are at an uncommonly high historical level. â€Å"LTCM was considered unique among hedge funds because of the large scale of its activities and size of its positions in certain markets.† (Long Term Capital Management 1999). 2. Background Barings Bank Francis Baring established Barings Bank in 1762, in UK. The British government paid commissions to Barings to raise fund s to finance wars in the mid 1800s against US and France. Barings was regarded as the London's biggest 'American House.' (The Fall of Barings Bank n.d). Between 1860 and1890, Barings was also occupied in offering loans to Argentina. Barings was on the verge of bankruptcy in 1890 when Argentina failed to make bond payments. However, major banks in London like the Bank of England came forward to assist the bank. This disaster had a key impact on Barings and it persuaded the bank to shift all its business to the North American continent. Barings started a consultancy to advice people especially like those who belong to aristocratic class, in their assets management. The bank began to grow well and continued to earn considerable profits. In 1980s, the bank commenced its operation in US again and acquired the stock broking support of Henderson Crosthwaite, which later on came to be known as BSL.  Barings Bank collapsed in 1995, because of the actions of Nick Leeson, a trader who misapp ropriated almost $1.4 billion. â€Å"The loss was due to a huge exposure to Japanese stock market.† (Barring Banks and Nick Leeson n.d). Industry analysts says that the fall of the Barings is a classic instance of poor risk management practices. The bank had entirely failed to set up an appropriate financial system, operational control system and managerial system. Due to the absence of efficient supervision and control, Leeson got the opportunity to perform his illegal trading activities and that too without being detected for a considerable period of time. The collapses of Barings Bank were happened only because of the

A Better Future with Green Technology Essay Example for Free

A Better Future with Green Technology Essay We live in the 21st century which has been called the â€Å"century of the environment†. Our nation’s leaders and individual citizens are coming to an understanding that we can not assume any longer that problems such as pollution, climate changes and the dwindling amount of natural resources can be put off for a future generation to deal with (Green Technology, 2010). There are many uses and reasons for green technology. However, with the use of green technology we can have a healthier, cleaner and possibly longer future. In this paper, I will be discussing just a few of those many uses. The term technology refers to the application of knowledge for a practical purpose. Now the field of green technology encompasses a continuously evolving group of industries, industrial applications, methods and materials which exploit the value of the technologies that benefit the environment. This includes techniques from generating energy all the way to non-toxic cleaning products (Green Technology, 2010). These groups particularly exploit the way this technology impacts the human condition. See more: Unemployment problems and solutions essay The group of effected industries is quite diverse. It includes businesses as far as the fields of energy and agriculture. There are some who predict that someday every consumer product will be affected by green technology. The main goal of green technology is to find ways to produce technology in a way that does not damage or deplete any of the Earths natural resources. The use of green technology is supposed to reduce the amount of waste and pollution that is created during production and consumption. There are many different uses for green technology in our everyday lives. These different uses include a renewable energy source from alternative fuels, recycling, building green, natural and environmentally friendly cleaning supplies, green chemistry and even green nanotechnology (Green Technology, 2010). The most urgent of these issues is perhaps the use of renewable energy. The two main ways to be able to generate energy would be by using solar powered panels and the other is using wind turbines. Recycling is an easy way for us to help out our future generations. Recycling helps to eliminate unnecessary waste in our landfills and is also environmentally friendly. Another good way to also be environmentally friendly is to buy products that have been made using recycled products and natural ingredients. The U.S. Enviromental Protection Agency defines building green , also known as â€Å"sustainable† or â€Å"high performance† building, as the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. This practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort (Palmese, 2009). Building green encompasses everything from the choice of building materials to where a building is located (Green Technology, 2010). The United States military is trying to cut back its dependency on their usage of fossil fuels. Therefore, they are turning to more greener and natural approaches to curb their dependency. The green that the military is turning to is definitely not the camouflage. Currently the Army and Navy are both exploring green technology options. Soldiers are going green with solar power units, purifying stagnant waters, solar tents and LED lights (Lowman, 2011). The military is developing two solar powered humvees that they call FED Alpha and FED Bravo. FED stands for Fuel Efficient Ground Vehicle Demonstrator (Iliaifar, 2011). FED Bravo’s details are very sparse and so it still remains more of a mystery. FED Alpha is suppose to be equipped with a solar panel that is mounted on the Humvee to be able to assist with its electrical systems (Iliaifar, 2011). The U.S. military are currently using solar powered cooling tents in Afghanistan. The U.S. military has a goal to achieve 25 percent renewable energy by the year 2025. Fort Drum, NY has one of the world’s largest solar installations which currently heats the entire base (Lowman, 2011). The U.S. army and the U.S. Navy have both kicked off net zero programs which is aimed at reducing not only energy use on bases and also on water use and waste. The U.S. Navy is aiming for half of its bases to have net zero energy consumption by 2020. The Army is planning to install rooftop solar installations in as many as 160,000 private military home in 33 different states to help with energy costs (Westervelt, 2012). The Navy has commissioned a ship that is energy efficient. It is called the Makin Island. It is the first amphibious assault ship to replace its steam boilers with gas turbines. It is also the first Navy surface ship to be equipped with both gas turbinesand an auxiliary propulsion system (Department of Defense, 2009) The trucking industry is also continuously evolving to be be more green. Carriers are going with cleaner trucks to get better fuel mileage and help cut out on harmful emissions. These days there are numerous opportunities for a carrier to turn their fleet into a green fleet (Britton, 2010). California is becoming more of a green state. The state of California passed new laws to where a truck driver can not idle there truck if it is not a clean emissions truck. Now that the new clean trucks, Freightliner Cascadia and the International ProStar and Lonestar, are readily available it makes this easier to achieve. The trucking industry has been able to achieve nearly zero nitrogen oxide emissions as of January 1, 2010. It also achieved zero particulate matter emissions as of January 1, 2007 (Britton, 2010). Now that the trucking industry has been able to cut back nearly all emissions to zero they are turning their sights on another problem. The new problem the industry is tackling is fuel consumption. One thing they have tried so far is using auxiliary power units, which are also known as APUs, when idoling the truck at a rest area or truckstop has helped instead of burning a gallon of fuel an hour to idol the truck like before it now takes a gallon to idol for all ten hours since having an APU installed on the trucks. Another way the trucking industry was tried to conserve fuel to become greener is by switching to wide-based tires. This has cut consumption as much as ten percent in some cases (Britton, 2010). Freightliner has clean drive technology in all their trucks they make now. They can claim this only due to Selective Catalytic Reduction, or SCR, and Blue Tec Emissions Technology that help their heavy duty trucks to exceed EPA standards while still being cost efficient, practical and proven to stand the wear and tear of the industry (Freightliner). Blue Tec Emissions Technology has proven to increase performance with every drop of diesel fuel, reduce more of the pollutants from exhaust gases, and improve profitability from every mile covered. The Blue Tec Technology treats the exhaust gases and the end results are nitrogen and water. The same thing we breathe in. The Cascadia has an aerodynamic exterior to also help reduce drag and improve on fuel efficiency. There are new developments constantly in the field of green technology. One of the new developments is a hydrogen powered car. It is a zero emission car that produces water as exhaust. Green technology is hitting our major cities. Most cities are going organic and natural to preserve the Earth’s resources. Most larger cities have public transportation that run off clean fuel. Before we know it there will not be a location that is not going green or already gone green. We ourselves can jump on the green bandwagon. We can do this simply by doing a few things we already do to begin with. The first way is to come up with your own cleaning supplies from a few things around the house such as baking soda, vinegar and even lemons. Baking soda is good to remove stains, cut through tough grease and to freshen carpets (US Green Technology,2012). With these three simple products you could clean your entire home. Vinegar and newspaper or paper towel you can clean windows, mirrors and tile. Do not throw out any old electronics. It is better to donate old cell phones to someone in need or recycle them at a store that offers it. This is important because the old battery and possibly even the device still could contain mercury, which is extremely poisonous to the environment (U.S. Green Technology, 2012). After all the hard earned money spent on the device to begin with, it would be better to put it to good use some how. Another way to be green is the stop drinking bottled water because it saves our planet from having another non-biodegradable plastic bottle laying around. It is better to get a filter that you place on your faucet (U.S. Green Technology, 2012). Hopefully the nation’s leaders and all of the individual citizens will come to understand that while we live in the century of the environment, they can no longer assume that the Earth’s natural resources will be there for the future generation to be able to handle the problems of pollution, climate changes and the rapidly dwindling amount of natural resources left. There are many great uses and reasons for choosing to use green technology. The use of green technology can lead us all to a healthier, cleaner and possibly longer future. References Bibb, B. (2011) Green Perspectives Mandatory Commercial Recycling Creates Manufacturing Jobs. Green Technology. Retrieved from http://www.green-technology.org/green_technology_magazine/a-new-kind-of-corporation-in-california-for-a-new-bottom-line-q-/green-perspectives-mandatory-commercial-recycling-creates-manufa/ Britton, D. (2010, February 17) Investing wisely in Green Technologies. Heavy Duty Trucking. Retrieved from http://www.truckinginfo.com/news-details.asp?news_id=69434 Department of Defense. (2009, October 22). Retrieved from http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=49147 Freightliner Trucks (2012, March 5) Retrieved from http://www.freightlinertrucks.com/TruckInnovation/Clean-Drive-Technologies Green Technology (2010) Retrieved from http://www.green-technology.org/what.htm Green Technology (2010) Retrieved from http://www.green-technology.org/about.htm Iliaifar, A. (2011, December 29). Retreived from http://www.digitaltrends.com/cars/us-military-planning-to-go-green- with-hybrid-humvees/ Lowman, M. (2011, August 01) The military goes green. Science/Technology. Retreived from http://www.newsobserver.com/2011/08/01/v-print/1381865/the-military-goes-green.html Palmese, R. (2009, June) Green Building Construction in California. Retrieved from http://www.green-technology.org/greentech-report-june09r.pdf U.S. Green Technology. (2012, January 14). How to be Green. Retrieved from http://www.usgreentechnology.com/stories/how-to-be-green/ Westervelt, A. (2012, Febuary 2). Why the military hates fossil fuels. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/amywestervelt/2012/02/02/why-the-military-hates-fossil- fuels-and-you-should-too-part-one-inefficiency/ Westervelt, A. (2012, February 6). The Military’s Green Tech Strategy. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/amywestervelt/2012/02/06/why-the-military-hates-fossil-fuels-part-two-alternatives/ Westervelt, A. (2012, February 14). How the Military uses Green Tech to Save Soldiers L ives. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/amywestervelt/2012/02/14/how-the-military-uses-green-tech-to-save-soldiers-lives/

Tescos strategy to attract customers

Tescos strategy to attract customers Introduction:- There are many rivals of Tesco early 1990s Tesco rivals gave very tough time to Tesco, so on that time Tesco needed a good and newly trading strategy. Tesco old trading strategy was very good. But on that time Tesco was not attracting the customers due to bad customer services. In 1997 Terry Leahy Joined Tesco as a Chief Executive. Terry Leahy thought that why Tesco is not attracting the customers as compare to its rivals like Sainsburys, Asda etc. So from that time Tesco started additional services to attract the customers. These services are given below. Online Shopping services Tesco internet Tesco Club Card Excluding the above mentioned services Tesco recently introduced new additional services to attract the customers. These services includes Tesco Banks offer the credit cards, mortgages, loans, Tesco Insurance, savings and travel. (cn.tesco.com) Tesco Corporate Strategy might be very valuable research and study as well as very broad. This strategy attracts the customer and gives very hard competition to its rivals especially Marks and Spencer, Sainsburys, ASDA, Morrison etc. Sometimes some Tesco rivals beat Tesco in some fields, therefore corporate strategy of Tesco continuously introduce additional customer services to attract the customers against its rivals. According to Jamier L. Scott Corporate strategy is a series of activities designed to enhance the level of customer satisfaction that is, the feeling that a product or service has met the customer expectation (2002), In the retail business or any company the customers are very important, almost every company try to attract the customers. This could be in different ways like in order to sold items, damage item may be exchange or refund with in specific time period with the receipt which is given to the customers at the time of the selling items. Many companies do this process on the customer services desk as well as some companies do this process on the normal desk like Tesco. But now days customers are expecting more than such kind of services. In other words customers desire is up to date customer service or upgraded customer services. According to Berman B. Evans upgraded products and services create connections. Additional customer service is the extra elements that enhance a retail strategy mix (2010) Upgraded services are good service like store atmosphere, store location, pricing, promotional methods and offers. Many large organizations like ASDA, Tesco, Marks and Spencer and Sainsburys use its corporate strategy to up to date its products and service, which is very helpful to make a good relation with the customers. A strategy is a plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal. The word strategy has military connotation, because it derives from the Greek word for general (Oxford Dictionary 2nd Edition) Every company formulate strategies to enhance its business profit and customers as well as to innovate some products or services which can be attract to their customers. Aims and Objectives:- My Dissertation Topic is: How Tesco use its corporate strategy to attract the customers against its rivals? My area of study: Explanation of Tesco corporate strategy which is used to create up to date customer services. To understand the Tesco corporate strategy which is using to create additional customer services? Explanation of how Tesco corporate strategy attracts the customer by using ancillary customer services. To understand the Tesco offers, goods, services and innovation how these are attracting to the customers. Comparison of Tesco strategies with its rivals strategies that how to attract the customers. Conclusion. Organization Overview:- Tesco is the world largest 3rd retail organization which is based in UK. Tesco have more than 440,000 employees all over the world and almost 3700 stores in UK as well as 13 in other countries. In recent time Tesco opened its stores in the AMERICA, which is known as Fresh Easy as compare to its international rival Wall Mart as well as Tesco have many stores in Europe and Asia like Poland, Slovakia, Hungry, Turkey, Czech Republic, Republic of Ireland, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Malaysia. MR Jack Cohen was the founder of Tesco. He started his business in 1917 as a small stall. Tesco opened its first store in 1929 in Edgware. After that Tesco unbelievably has developed its business in UK and worldwide. Tesco introduced many innovations to attract the customers. Day by day Tesco is increasing its products and services to keep the customer loyal, this gives though time to its rivals. Tesco is first company which introduced self check outs to provide good customer services. Tesco is offering many services to its customer from tesco.com like home delivery services and online ordering/shopping and give return to the customer in the shape of Tesco club card. Tesco use its corporate strategy in different ways to attract the customer. A Tesco 2009/2010 interim result is showing that sale boosted from 11.4% to 14% and profit increase 8.6% from its original profit Tesco dividend growth rate is 9% and Earnings per share growth is 9.1% which shows very strong position of Tesco in international and national market. Literature Review:- In an organization corporate strategy is the base of all strategies. Corporate strategy expose and determines the purposes, objectives, goals and also produce, polices, plans and principal for achieving goals. It does also contribute to make the employees, stakeholder, communities and customers; usually corporate strategy applies to the entire organization. (Nicolai J. Foss) Corporate strategy is very useful to achieve the goals in a challenging environment to meet the stakeholder and market expectation, whereas corporate strategy involves making business level strategies like marketing strategies those strategies are very helpful to attract the customers. (Richard Whittington, Kevan Scholes) Marketing strategy is the most important strategy which organization makes from the corporate strategy to attract the customer. This strategy keeps the customer loyal and understands the behaviour of the customer, for an example a customer go to an electronic show room to buy some electronic things, and customer gets extra care and good service from the retailer then definitely the strategy of the retailer is to attract the customer. There is no doubt customer will come again and again and also to tell the other friends about that retailer. (TheTimes100.co.uk) The research shows that many organization like Parcel force, Cadburys, Argos, Tesco, Sainsburys, Marks and Spencer giving high level of customer satisfaction to attract the customers. These organizations attract the customer by using their corporate strategy to do market research. (TheTimes100.co.uk) The limits between corporate strategy and marketing strategy are unclear. The main purpose of corporate strategy is to attract and retain the customers. (Mintzberg, 1994) Marketing strategy management as well as corporate strategy are very important tool for an organization to attract the customers and keep the customer loyal against the competitors organization; both strategies take the organization into accounts externally and internally to provide extra care of the customers. (J. Rea, Harold Kerzner) Corporate strategy of any firm describes business according to the customer services. (Levitt, 1975) All over the world every size of organization use innovative corporate strategy to motivate the customers. (John Toschohl) The performance management externally and internally is very important to attract and retain the customers. Performance management sets the objective, responsibilities and goals for a manager. This gives permission to the organization team to do best for the satisfaction of the customer. Performance management takes very important key action like rewards, progress and training to improve the performance, such kinds of things are very essential to help, retain and attract the customer which is very beneficial for achieving the organization goals. The core purpose of performance management in an organization is to provide quality of customer service and satisfaction as well as manage the customer desire and give rewards. Its effectively attract the customers by managing the staff. The supervision of team and accountability may help to an organization to gain its objective and goals; with the help of this an organization may measure the entire performance, attainment can be rewarded and identified by using performance management. (Cook, S) Organization can maximize the attraction of customer and keep the customer loyal by using innovative customer services, (Danon) Corporate strategy for any organization plays very authentic role to attract and retain the customer without customer an organization cannot run the business in the market. Therefore companies innovate, provide good customer service and products guide and help the customer, provide different types of gifts and incentive these are the different strategies which company make to attract and keep the customer loyal. So that customers are the survival for any firm. (John A. Goodman) There are two focus of strategy which was integrated in to one focus. Many people are still debating that how two focus of strategy are different, differentiation strategy focus on different services and products which firm are offering to a small group of customers. Mostly this strategy adapts the small firms and new entrants. rather than large one. It provides products and services according to the small group of customer. (Philip A. Wickham) Marks and Spencer (MS) is a retailing company which is actually based in UK. MS conduct its business review to check its falling profit and trading environment. MS amended its corporate strategy to satisfy the customer as well as gain the competitive advantage. MS Corporate strategy:- To expand business internationally. To speed up for multi channel development. Changing the all operation execution as well as increasing the pace. MS again will refocus on brand communication MS is working and launched a new program to implement above strategies under the 2020 slogan. (Lan Dyson) MS has declared a plan to close its some unprofitable store for achieving its objective and goals. MS corporate strategy is describing that MS is expanding its business chain internationally to gain the customer satisfaction and keep the customer loyal. The move of MS in the international ramp is giving the tough time to its rivals in all kinds of product and service. MS is also looking formats for its food and non food products for expanding its business. (Ms-corporate-strategy/8601465.article) Sainsburys Corporate and Business Strategy:- Sainsburys is a well retail leading company in health and food. Sainsburys goals is attracting the customer by giving the quality of products at reason prices and their aim is to motivate the customer to eat good and reasonable healthy diet food by promoting the energetic lifestyle. Sainsburys does not compromise on quality, taste and services. The main objective of Sainsburys is to make the healthy and low fat food to keep the customer loyal. Sainsburys purpose includes providing best food for health which keeps their customer life style healthier. The main belief of Sainsburys while selling its products to their customer that customer have full and clear information about our products, quality and price. Sainsburys corporate and business strategy also includes that provide good customer services with its healthier food to retain and attract the customers. Tesco Corporate strategy:- Tesco is the third largest retail organization. The commitment of Tesco is to develop the shareholder values by via innovative customer focus strategy. To provide quality of products at lower price to customers. Customers are unique and we are leading to deliver the first class services to the customers. To keep the customer loyal we reward the customer by using club card. To provide the high range of products with the high quality. To expand business globally to compete the rivals. To provide the flexible and clean environment to customers. (Tescoplc.com) The main objective and elements of Tesco strategy is given below:- To become strong in food and non food. To get better in retailing services like Telecoms, Tescodirect.com, Tesco personal finance and Tesco.com To boost up the core UK business. We lay society/community at the spirit of what we do. Tesco wants to be a victorious international retailer. (Tescoplc.com/Plc) Chief executive of Tesco Terry Leahy said to Sunday Times that Tesco will be the largest online world grocery retailers as well as our aim to achieve the UK no.1 online business. (1999, Lorenz) Terry Leahy chief executive of Tesco stated that we are retaining and attracting customers by giving extra care, products and services to customers as compare to rivals, additional customer services and care is giving though time to Tesco rivals. Tesco is giving wide range of its products and services online according to the customer desire to attract the customers and keep the customer loyal. (Tescoplc2000) Research Methodology:- The research involves redefining and defining problems, creating hypothesis, collecting, suggesting, and organizing analysing the data reaching on conclusion, at the end list down the conclusion to decide whether creating hypothesis is fit. (Clifford Woddy) Research standardized the effort to get new knowledge. (Redman and Mary) Careful inquiry to find out some new facts and knowledge is called research. (Advance learner Dictionary of Current English) To determine and discover knowledge which is hidden at the heart of research. (Lee) The main purpose of the research is to determine and discover the answer of the question as well as try to find out the hidden truth which still have not been determine and discover. (Rajendar Kumar) The main purpose of while doing research is to find out relation between theory and practice. In particular whether the research is directed by the research (Inductive approach) or the research is directed by theory (deductive approach). Both approaches will provide very good understanding of my research. To the better understanding of topic the thesis will complete on the investigation of quantitative research as well as qualitative research. (Rowley) Data Collection Resource:- For my research we shall be gather secondary data form authentic articles, books, magazines, newspapers, news, and websites as well as published journals. The purpose of collection of secondary data is too explicit and very useful to use. The collection of secondary data may be very helpful and useful as this data is already collected. Definitely for my research we shall use primary data. This data we shall collect from interviews, surveys, managers and staff face to face meeting. Meetings and interviews will be conduct in the form of prearranged questionnaires. Conclusion:- The main objective of my research is to understand the logic behind the effectiveness of corporate strategy in an organization and how Tesco use this strategy to attract the customers as compare to its rivals like Marks and Spencer, ASDA, Morrisons and Sainsburys. The parameters which we considered are quality of products and services, innovations, time taken in processing the request, reputation and pricing.

Basic Concepts Of Phytoremediation Environmental Sciences Essay

Basic Concepts Of Phytoremediation Environmental Sciences Essay Contamination of soil in oil refinery has been an environmental issue of modern industrialization in many countries. The main reason for this contamination is the contaminated products generated during the activities associated with purifying and refining petroleum in oil refinery. Those activities including distillation, chemical treatment, product transfer and storage and so on are the contributors of the contaminants. These consist of the petroleum hydrocarbons, asbestos, metals, some inorganic compounds and etc[1]. There are a lot of effective remediation technologies such as pump-and-treat (PAT), soil washing, thermal desorption, bioremediation and etc. However, some of them are causing inhibition of soil fertility or even destruction to ecosystem. Therefore, this encourages my evaluation on phytoremediation- a variation of bioremediation which has been an emerging technology for remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons since late 1990s[2]. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective in-situ treatment which uses up vegetation to clean up the petroleum-contaminated soils and groundwater. In general, it is to utilize the ability of the special plants roots associated bacteria to take up, accumulate, and breakdown the contaminants (e.g. TPHs) located in soils and ground water[3](Figure1). This technology is more suitable for: (a) large sites with shallow contaminants where only polishing treatment is required; and (b) the sites where vegetation is used as a final cap and closure of the site[4]. Figure 1 Basic concepts of phytoremediation 2. Mechanisms There are seven mechanisms of phytoremediation: phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytovolatilization, phytostabilization phytodegradation, hydraulic control and rhizodegradation. They can be described as follows: Phytoextraction This is also known as phytoaccumulation. It aims to utilize plant roots in order to uptake and translocate the metal contaminants in the soil into the above ground portions of the plants[5]. The plants absorb, concentrate, and precipitate the toxic metals from the soils into shoots, leaves, etc. (Fig. 1)[6]. Figure 2 Phytoextraction of Ni from contaminated soil There are some plants, called hyper-accumulators, which are capable of accumulating extremely large amount of metals especially nickel, zinc and copper[7]. These plants need to be either incinerated or composted to recycle the metal after have been used for some time[5]. Rhizofiltration It is the adsorption or precipitation onto plant root surfaces, or absorption into contaminants which present in the soil solution in the root zone. Although rhizofiltration looks similar with phytoextraction, the main function of rhizofiltration is to remediate the contaminated groundwater rather than the soil by removing inorganics and metals. The plants are first raised in greenhouses with their roots in water until a large root system has been completed. At this stage, the original water source is replaced by contaminated for acclimatization. Once the saturation of contaminants in the roots has been reached, the plants are harvested. In the study of removal ability, sunflower, Indian mustard, tobacco, corn and etc. have been used to investigate the removal of lead from water. Among those plants, sunflower has the greatest ability[5, 6]. Phytovolatilization This involves the uptake and transpiration of contaminants by plants, with release of the contaminants in vapour form to the atmosphere. It looks like a natural air-stripping pump system. This natural ability of volatilization enables the plants to volatilize the volatile organic compounds in parts of refinery site, vinyl chloride as well as inorganics and etc[6, 8]. Phytostabilization This process is to use plants for immobilizing contaminants in the soil and groundwater. The roots absorb and accumulate the contaminants, provide adsorption or precipitation within the rhizosphere (root zone) in order to reduce the mobility of contaminants. As contaminant migration to the groundwater or air has been minimized, the bioavailability for their entry into the food chain can be lowered. Metal-tolerant species can be used to restore vegetation to those metal-contaminated sites. Those species not only can decrease the potential migration of contaminants but also prevent the leaching of contaminants to groundwater[5]. Phytodegradation This is also called phytotransformation. It is the breakdown of contaminants through metabolic processes or the effect of constituents (e.g. enzymes) produced by the plants. The complex organic contaminants are degraded into simple molecules and these molecules are then incorporated into plant tissues[5]. Hydraulic Control Hydraulic control is employed by plant canopies on the control of water table and the soil field capacity. Phreatophytic trees and plants are commonly used due to the ability to transpire large amount of water and thereby influence the water balance at the site. The increased transpiration decreases the tendency of contaminants to move towards groundwater water or alleviates the migration of contaminants from the site in groundwater plumes[6]. There is something to be noted that trees must be rooted into a shallow water table aquifer in order to successfully prevent plume migration[9]. Rhizodegradation This is often referred to as phytostimulation or planted-assisted bioremediation/degradation. It can be achieved by breaking down the contaminants in the soil within the rhizosphere through microbial activities. During the microbial activities, organic contaminants such as fuels and solvents can be biodegraded by microorganisms into harmless products. The nutrients for the microorganisms are provided by the exudates produced by the plant[5]. 3. Major influencing factors (a) Soil composition and quality: Soils with high concentration of contaminants soils tends to have a poor physical conditioning which is not able to promote the growth of vegetation and rhizosphere microorganisms. Common limitations are the deficiencies in moisture-holding capacity, aeration, nutrient and permeability and so on. Thus, adjustments are required to improve the quality of soil before planting. A common adjustment is the amendment on pH of soil by adding sulphur or lime[9]. (b) Selection of plant: Plants are selected by taking the concerns of the target contaminants to be polluted and the remedial objectives for redevelopment such as time frame and risk management. Moreover, the climate for the plants to be adapted into is also very important. The ability of the plant acclimating to the soil and the depth of plants root structure also cannot be neglected. The selection and use of plant species must be done carefully in order to avoid the introduction of non-native species into the areas which are new to that species[10]. 4. Advantages Relatively low cost: Comparing with other treatment technologies such as thermal treatment, chemical extraction, some ex-situ technologies and so on, phytoremediation is relatively inexpensive as it only uses plants. [5, 11]. Besides, there is no extraction cost as it is an in-situ treatment. Safe and passive: Phytoremediation is driven by solar energy and there is no chemical usage Feasible for large varieties of contaminants: It can be used on the major contaminants produced in oil refinery-petroleum hydrocarbon as well as the other minor contaminants such as VOCs, TCE and even heavy metals and etc[12]. Mitigation of soil erosion: The establishment of vegetation can effectively improve the soil structure and resulting in reducing the soil erosion. Preventing migration of contaminants: Phytoremediation avoids excavation and transport of polluted media as the contaminants are destroyed in place. Therefore, it can lower the risk of spreading the contamination[13]. Aesthetically pleasing: The use of green plants can contribute a more eye-pleasing and natural green environment. 5. Disadvantages Relatively shallow clean-up of soil with low contaminant concentration: Treatment is limited to soils less than 1 m from surface for grasses, less than 3 m for shrubs, less than 6 m for deep-rooting trees and groundwater less than 3 m from the surface. Besides, it is not effective for contaminated site with high concentration [5, 14]. Slow process: The whole process is relatively slow compared with other technologies as three to five growing seasons are needed to achieve remediation goals[5]. Site specific and critical plant selection: The optimization of plant growth and the contaminants uptake depends on the characteristics of the site and the plant species that are selected[5]. Potential food chain contamination: Contaminants may enter the food chain through animals which eat the plants or borne fruits[14]. Production of residual waste: Using phytoremediation may relocate contaminants from the subsurface to the plant, thereby creating residual waste to be disposed of[5]. By looking at the features of phytoremediation in various aspects, we may find some drawbacks and limitations. Although the overall performance of phytoremediation is still not effective as soil vapor extraction and other technologies, its trade-off such as low cost, practicality and environmental-friendliness indicates that it can be a promising solution for remediation in oil refinery, especially in developing countries. Also, many studies on phytoremediation are still being carried out, so it can certainly be combined with a lot of technologies for future improvement and ultimately be widely applied in oil refineries all over the world.

Walmart Vs Target Essay examples -- Business Retail Industry

INTRODUCTION Since 1962 and the beginning of the discount retailer market Wal-Mart has been ahead of the retail game. By 1967 there were 24 Wal-Marts that had grossed 12.6 million dollars. In just 7 years Wal-mart had spread into 9 states. By 1979 Wal-Mart was the fastest store to reach a billion dollars in sales. In 2005 Wal-Mart has 3,800 domestic stores along with 3,800 stores internationally, and had made over 312 billion dollars. As you can see the Wal-Mart empire has grown monumentally. To move into this segment of the market would be tough. The first Target store was also opened in 1962. It was started under the Dayton Hudson Corporation. As you can see the Target corporation has a decorated past as well. Target now has 1,300 stores in 47 states. The store count itself is still a lot less than Wal-mart. For every one Target store, there is three Wal-Marts. To put together a plan of action we must first research many facets of the Wal-Mart corporation such as: Marketing, Products, and Services provided. From these main areas we will be able to put together a plan for immediate implementation. Products/Services/Marketing The first area to be observed is the products that Wal-Mart sells compared to Target. Wal-Mart offers products in the areas of: Apparel, Baby, Books, Electronics, Garden and patio, Gifts and Flowers, Home, Jewelry, Pets, Sports, Toys, Video Games, Automotive, as well as groceries, and cleaning supplies. Along with being the world's largest retailer, Wal-Mart is also the world's largest grocer. A full grocery center has been added to many of the Wal-mart's nation wide. Wal-Mart's most current goal is to become a player in the organic food market. Adding organic foods to... ...nd many not covered by health insurance. On recent visits to both stores I noticed the Target store was cleaner, and the customer service was better than Wal-Mart. Summary After looking at the Business practices, marketing, products, and services of Wal-Mart I no longer have a doubt that we can compete with Wal-Mart, but the new question is do we want to? In order for Target to be a competitor with Wal-Mart, Target would have to lower its store standards, treatment of employees, and target market. Along with these things Target would also have to go against one of its store standards, and start buying products that were made using slave and or child labor. A few ways that Target could improve by imitation would be through increasing its in store services. The recent addition of the clinic in store is a new and innovative idea a step ahead of Wal-Mart.

A Cold Day In Seattle :: essays research papers

(this is a paper i wrote for english the grade was an A)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Cold Day In Seattle It was a cold winter day on that dreadful morning. School was closed because of a holiday. Justen’s friends Jeremy and Billy came over to see if he could go to Capitol Hill with them. He agreed and their friend Ryan drove them. It was about 1:00pm when we they there, but the three boys would of never have gone if they only knew. Ryan dropped the trio of and said he would be back at 8:00pm in the same spot, because he had band practice at 3:00. They started our journey on 5TH Avenue going north. While they were walking Billy noticed something strange about the stores; they were closed the boys forgot that holidays applied to stores too. That’s when it happened, Jeremy got a headache. He started to scream and use profanity. As they were trying to find at least one store that was open, some drunk cowboy eating pudding started following the boys. What was some drunk cowboy eating pudding going to do to three teen-age boys? Then he jumped in front of them and screamed, †Billy!† that’s when Billy remembered him. It was the drunk guy that Billy had met a year ago, when he took the bus to Seattle. They were a little shocked, but they let him join in. Jeremy thought he had gone mad considering he thought he was in the war and kept saying, â€Å"don’t worry I got your back soldier,† to Billy. There the boys were walking down the street. Jeremy was raging about his headache, Justen was wondering what was going on, Billy was a little confused, and the drunk cowboy obsessed with pudding was walking behind Billy with his hands together making a gun whispering, â€Å"when the race starts run really fast,† and, â€Å"I got your back soldier. It was very cold, so Billy, Jeremy, and Justen had their trench coats on, but the drunk cowboy was wearing a tie-die shirt and bell-bottoms. They walked for an hour when it started to snow. Good thing they were wearing trench coats. â€Å"I bet I could fix ya up nice soldier,† w hispered the cowboy. The boys were all a little confused. â€Å"I got a special pill you could take for that vice on your head there soldier,† he exclaimed. Jeremy was a little nervous considering Advil usually isn’t red and comes in a little black film canister.

Augustus :: essays research papers

A copy below of the deeds of the divine Augustus, by which he subjected the whole wide earth to the rule of the Roman people, and of the money which he spent for the state and Roman people, inscribed on two bronze pillars, which are set up in Rome. 1. In my nineteenth year, on my own initiative and at my own expense, I raised an army with which I set free the state, which was oppressed by the domination of a faction. For that reason, the senate enrolled me in its order by laudatory resolutions, when Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius were consuls (43 B.C.E.), assigning me the place of a consul in the giving of opinions, and gave me the imperium. With me as propraetor, it ordered me, together with the consuls, to take care lest any detriment befall the state. But the people made me consul in the same year, when the consuls each perished in battle, and they made me a triumvir for the settling of the state. 2. I drove the men who slaughtered my father into exile with a legal order, punishing their crime, and afterwards, when they waged war on the state, I conquered them in two battles. 3. I often waged war, civil and foreign, on the earth and sea, in the whole wide world, and as victor I spared all the citizens who sought pardon. As for foreign nations, those which I was able to safely forgive, I preferred to preserve than to destroy. About five hundred thousand Roman citizens were sworn to me. I led something more than three hundred thousand of them into colonies and I returned them to their cities, after their stipend had been earned, and I assigned all of them fields or gave them money for their military service. I captured six hundred ships in addition to those smaller than triremes. 4. Twice I triumphed with an ovation, and three times I enjoyeda curule triumph and twenty one times I was named emperor. When the senate decreed more triumphs for me, I sat out from all of them. I placed the laurel from the fasces in the Capitol, when the vows which I pronounced in each war had been fulfilled.

From Strategy to Business Essay

dodging scholars study used the thought of the descent Model to refer to the logic of the degenerate e how it operates and defecates determine for its stakeholders. On the sur facial gesture, this notion get ons to be similar to that of schema. We render a conceptual framework to separate and name the concepts of strategy and duty impersonate a transaction pretending, we argue, is a reflection of the profligates realized strategy. We find that in simple competitive situations on that point is a one-to-one mapping surrounded by strategy and origin flummox, which dispatchs it difficult to separate the twain notions. We order that the concepts of strategy and logical argument gravel differ when there are alpha contingencies on which a easy- formed strategy mustiness be establish. Our framework overly delivers a clear distinction between strategy and tactical maneuver, made possible because strategy and melodic phrase determine are diverse constructs. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. totally rights reserved.IntroductionThe eld of strategy has evolved well in the past twenty-ve years. Firms take hold intimate to analyze their competitive environment, dene their position, offend competitive and merged values, and understand soften how to sustain advantage in the face of competitive challenges and threats. Different approaches including industrial organic law theory, the resource-based view, dynamic capabilities and game theory have helped academicians and practitioners understand the dynamics of competition and spr pop recommendations about how rms should dene their competitive and corporate strategies. But drivers such as globalization, deregulation and technological change (to mention scarce a few) are profoundly changing the competitive game.Scholars and practitioners agree that the fastest festering rms in this new-fangled environment appear to be those that have taken advantage ofthese structural changes to bring in in the ir art models so they can argue disparately. IBMs Global CEO Studies for 2006 and 2008, for example, show that top management in a broad range of industries are actively contactking guidance on how to innovate in their line of vexation models to improve their superpower to just about(prenominal) create and capture value.1 In addition to the rail line model intent drivers noted above, much new-fashioned pursuance has come from dickens early(a) environmental shifts. Advances in ICT have been a study force behind the juvenile 0024-6301/$ see front matter.interest in dividing line model innovation. Many e- line of productses are based on new line of products models e Shafer, Smith and Linder nd that eight of the 12 recent business model denitions they indue relate to e-business.2 New strategies for the bottom of the profit in emerging markets have also steered researchers and practitioners towards the systematic study of business models. Academicians working in this area agree that rms fatality to develop novel business models to be effective in such specic and challenging environments (see work by Thompson and MacMillan, as well as by Yunus et al. in this tailor), and socially motivated enterprises constitute a second important source of recent business model innovations.Advances in ICT and the demands of socially motivated enterprises constitute important sources of recent business model innovations. eon it has compel uncontroversial to argue that managers must have a good understanding of how business models work if their ecesiss are to thrive, the academic connection has only offered early insights on the issue to date, and there is (as yet) no agreement as to the distinctive features of superior business models. We believe this is partly because of a lack of a clear distinction between the notions of strategy, business models and tactics, and the purpose of this article is to contri merelye to this belles-lettres by presenting an integrative framework to severalize and relate these three concepts. Put succinctly Business Model refers to the logic of the rm, the guidance it operates and how it creates value for its stakeholders and Strategy refers to the choice of business model done which the rm will compete in the marketplace composition simulated military operation refers to the residual choices open to a rm by virtue of the business model it selects to employ.To flux these three concepts, we introduce a generic wine two-stage competitive process framework, as render in bit 1. In the rst stage, rms choose a logic of value population and value capture (i.e., choose their business model), and in the second, make tactical choices manoeuvre by their goals (which, in most cases, have in mind some form of stakeholder value maximization). Figure 1 thus presents our organizing framework the aim of strategy is the choice of business model, and the business model employed determines the tactics v isible(prenominal) to the rm to compete a netst, or cooperate with, other rms in the marketplace.The article is organized as follows. In the next section we dene and discuss the notion of business models and present a tool to represent them, while the succeeding(a) section realizes the stage two choice in our framework, presenting and discussing the notion of tactics in relation to that of business model. The succeeding(a) section then moves back to ascertain the rst e strategy e stage, afterwards which we revisit our process framework to ruffle the three notions. We discuss the connection between strategy and business model, arguing that both notions can be clearly separated. A detailed example is developed in the following stage, followed by some terminal remarks.Business modelsAlthough the expression business model has gained in prominence only in the last decade, the term has been part of the business jargon for a long time, its origins red ink back to the writings of Pe ter Drucker. Although (as Markides points out) there is no widely accepted denition, Magretta denes business models as stories that explain how enterprises work, and follows Drucker in dening a good business model as the one that provides answers to the following questions Who is the customer and what does the addressumer value? and What is the underlying stinting logic that explains how we can deliver value to customers at an appropriate cost? While not formal, her implicit idea is that a business model is about how an organization earns money by addressing these two innate issues e how it identies and creates value for customers, and how it captures some of this value as its prot in the process.Amit and Zotts denition, in contrast, is slight broad (as it focuses on e-businesses) but more than precise. Reviewing the contributions of several theories including virtual markets, Schumpeterian innovation, value orbit analysis, the resource-based view of the rm, dynamic capabilit ies,transaction cost economics and strategic net whole caboodle they point out that each contributes elements to the notion, but that none, by itself, explains business models completely. They analyze a sample of U.S. and European e-business models to highlight the drivers of value creation, and present the following integrative denition A business model depicts the content, mental synthesis, and governance of transactions blueprinted so as to create value through the exploitation of business opportunities.The content of a transaction refers to the goods or information exchanged, as well as to resources and capabilities required the structure refers to the parties that participate, their links, and the counsel they choose to operate, and governance refers to the way ows of information, resources and goods are controlled by the relevant parties, the effectual form of organization, and the incentives to the participants.5 In this issue, they build on this denition to propose an occupation system attitude for the design of business models, arguing that activity systems capture the essence of business models and proposing two sets of aspects for designers to consider design elements (content, structure and governance) that render the activity systems architecture, and design themes (novelty, lock-in, complementarities, and efciency) that describe its sources of value creation. The common lift across all of these approximations to the notion of business model is well captured by BadenFuller, MacMillan, Demil and Lecocq in their denition the logic of the rm, the way it operates and how it creates value for its stakeholders, and we lease their denition as the starting point for our argument.To make progress toward understanding business models, we nd it helpful to use the analogy of a machine e by which we misbegotten a mechanical device that transmits force to perform tasks. (Of course, real organizations are contrary from machines in many important res pects, but the comparison is helpful, especially to our thinking in contrasting the notions of strategy and business models.) all given machine has a special(a) logic of operation (the way the contrary components are assembled and relate to one another), and operates in a particular way to create value for its user. To be more concrete, different automobile designs have different specic logics of operation conventional engines operate sort of differently from hybrids, andstandard transmissions from automatics and create different value for their stakeholders, the drivers.Some whitethorn like a small car that allows them to navigate congested city streets easily, while others may prefer a large SUV with a powerful engine to enjoy the countryside to the fullest. Automobiles are made of parts wheels, engines, seats, electronics, windshields, and the like. To assess how well a particular automobile works or to create a new one one must consider its components and how they rela te to one another, just as, to meliorate understand business models, one need to understand their component parts and their relationships. (We have to this analogy during the paper readers will gain more value from it if they understand the design and building of the car as representing strategy the car itself as the business model and the driving of the car as the easy set of tactics.)